Windows XP fails to update after a repair install.
If you are getting error message "A problem on your computer is preventing updates from being downloaded", when you try to install updates from Microsoft. This problem generally occurs after you do a repair install on an updated system from a Windows XP CD's repair option.
Here’s how to solve the problem:
1. Click Start > Run and type regsvr32 /s wuapi.dll
2. Perform the same steps for each of the following commands under Start > Run:
regsvr32 /s wuaueng1.dll
regsvr32 /s wuaueng.dll
regsvr32 /s wucltui.dll
regsvr32 /s wups2.dll
regsvr32 /s wups.dll
regsvr32 /s wuweb.dll
I had a tough time finding this out, I tried contacting my OS vendor for assistance but it was of no use. Finally I landed on an article which told me what to do, thanks to Technipages for that. However this article from Windows secrets explains the problem & solution in detail.